非编码RNA调控Kupffer细胞极化干预肝癌癌前病变恶变的研究进展

肝癌是临床常见消化道恶性肿瘤，其发生呈现多阶段性：肝炎-肝硬化-肝癌癌前病变-肝癌。其中肝癌癌前病变恶变成为肝癌的机制尚不完全明确，可能受Kupper细胞极化方向的影响。Kupffer细胞是肝脏中特殊的单核巨噬细胞，可在不同的微环境中分化出不同的表型即M1型和M2型，表现出不同的功能，在肝癌中发挥抑癌或促癌的作用。研究发现多种miRNA、LncRNA可通过靶向干预Kupffer极化相关蛋白进而调控其极化方向，从而影响肝癌癌前病变的发生、发展及恶变，降低肝癌的发生率。本文主要阐述上述研究的前沿进展，为肝癌的防治提供参考。     

HSP90β干扰和过表达慢病毒载体的构建及其在骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2中的表达

目的:获得热休克蛋白90β(HSP90β)基因干扰和过表达慢病毒表达系统，并检测其在人骨肉瘤细胞株Saos-2中的表达水平。方法:设计合成shRNA，以慢病毒表达质粒构建HSP90β干扰和过表达载体，酶切电泳、测序技术鉴定载体构建是否成功。重组病毒转染H1299细胞，以嘌呤霉素筛选稳定转染的Saos-2细胞，通过荧光显微镜观察计数获得转染效率。将感染好的细胞分为干扰NC组（NEG-shRNA）、干扰组（shRNA-HSP90β）、过表达NC对照组（NEG-pEZ）及过表达组（pEZ-HSP90β）。通过qRT-PCR 与Western blotting 分别从mRNA 和蛋白表达水平验证目的基因的干扰和过表达水平。结果:插入慢病毒表达载体的基因片段与目的基因的碱基序列完全一致。病毒包装成功后，嘌呤霉素最小致死浓度1 μg/ml，感染复数200，感染人Saos-2的感染效率达80%，其中shRNA-HSP90β组干扰效率为86.35%，pEZ-HSP90β组的mRNA相对表达量增加2.8倍。进一步研究发现，shRNA-HSP90β组较NEG-shRNA组中HSP90β蛋白表达明显降低，pEZ-HSP90β组较NEG-pEZ组HSP90β蛋白表达增加。结论:HSP90β基因干扰和过表达慢病毒载体构建成功，并能够在Saos-2中稳定表达。     

Heterogeneity of cancer‐associated fibroblasts: Opportunities for precision medicine

Despite marked development in cancer therapies during recent decades, the prognosis for advanced cancer remains poor. The conventional tumor–cell‐centric view of cancer can only explain part of cancer progression, and thus a thorough understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. Among cells within the TME, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are attracting attention as a target for cancer therapy. However, CAFs present a heterogeneous population of cells and more detailed classification of CAFs and investigation of functions of each subset is needed to develop novel CAF‐targeted therapies. In this context, application of newly developed approaches to single‐cell analysis has already made an impact on our understanding of the heterogeneity of CAFs. Here, we review the recent literature on CAF heterogeneity and function, and discuss the possibility of novel therapies targeting CAF subsets.     

Multiomics analyses reveal a critical role of selenium in controlling T cell differentiation in Crohn’s disease

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Restoring neuronal chloride homeostasis with anti-NKCC1 gene therapy rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Down syndrome

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hsa_circ_0003188对人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力的影响

目的:探讨hsa_circ_0003188对人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)成骨分化能力的影响。方法:Human Circular RNA Micro-array Version 2.0芯片检测正常环境与炎性环境(10 ng/mL TNF-α)培养的hBMSCs差异表达circRNAs,并筛选出目的circRNA-hsa_circ_0003188;构建hsa_circ_0003188过表达慢病毒,转染hBMSCs并成骨诱导培养后,通过碱性磷酸酶染色等方法检测hsa_circ_0003188高表达对BMSCs成骨分化能力的影响;利用TargetScan等生物学软件预测hsa_circ_0003188的生物学功能。结果:hsa_circ_0003188在炎性环境hBMSCs中高表达(P<0.05)并抑制其成骨分化;生物学软件预测出hsa_circ_0003188的ceRNA机制。结论:hsa_circ_0003188抑制hBMSCs成骨分化能力,可能成为hBMSCs在骨再生过程中的调控新靶点。     

Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) in inflammatory diseases: Molecular insights of its associated signalling pathways

Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) was previously identified as an intracellular stress‐response protein, which can respond to a variety of stress conditions by changing its expression and regulating mRNA stability through its binding site on the 3′‐UTR of its targeted mRNAs. Recently, extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) was discovered to be present in various inflammatory conditions and could act as a pro‐inflammatory factor. Genetic studies have demonstrated a key role for eCIRP in inflammatory conditions that led to the importance of targeting eCIRP in these diseases. Currently, the underlying mechanism of eCIRP‐induced inflammation is under intensive investigation and several signalling pathways are being explored. Here, we epitomized various signalling pathways that mediate the pro‐inflammatory effects of CIRP and also recapitulated all the CIRP‐derived peptides that can block the interaction between CIRP and its receptors in inflammatory setting.